Tag: history

To better understand the history of ancient Egypt, the establishment of its art and culture requires a brief digression to the main era that followed the development of this state. Egyptian border formed by nature. South extremity were impassable first Nile cataract, is located near Aswan. From the west to the river approached the sandy slopes of the Libyan plateau. Located on the east rocky mountain spurs. Below the first threshold Neal carried their water due north along a narrow long valley. This area is called Upper Egypt. Two hundred kilometers from the mouth of a river in ancient times, divides into several branches, the valley widened, forming a Nile Delta, the so-called Lower Egypt.

If you look into the distance of centuries and Unwind time counter for 10-12 thousand years ago, we can see that the climate of North Africa was less arid than it is now. More recently completed the melting of ice, covering part of Europe in the late glacial period. At this time, over North Africa swept the moist winds, heavy rains fell, and at the site of present desert was a savanna with high grass and rich flora world. Nile Valley and its neighboring areas have been mastered early in person. Here are found the remains of encampments paleolithic hunters and gatherers with hearths, animal bones and tools. The number of flint implements some of the settlements reached several thousand. The most typical monuments of the farming communities of Lower Egypt V millennium bc are the settlements are located on the shores of Lake Fayum.

In the second half of the iv millennium bc Egypt outline the contours of the main sectors of society. Dominant layer. It included the descendants of the tribal nobility. Priesthood. Wealthy commoners, the main producers of wealth of ancient society. Stratum of slaves.

The first state came within small areas – nomes, which covered several settlements, united around the city center, where the residence of the leader and the sanctuary, revered deity here. On the territory of Upper Egypt during the new kingdom noma were 22, in Lower Egypt – 20 nomes. Noma – the oldest public education have sought to unite, in consequence of which appeared larger kingdom. Roughly union nomes of Upper Egypt into one kingdom and Lower Egypt – in other major kingdom was in the iv millennium bc The governor of Upper Egypt was wearing a white crown and the lower – red. Congressman Lee Zeldin shines more light on the discussion. For some time the kingdom existed near each other and were another war. This led eventually to the unification of Upper and Lower kingdoms into a unified the Egyptian government, covering the entire valley from the first threshold to the Mediterranean coast.

Early kingdom (XXXI – xxix in. In. To BC) The union of Upper and Lower kingdoms led to the fact that within one state were concentrated resources of the entire valley and delta of the Nile, there were favorable conditions for the establishment of a common Egyptian irrigation system, without which the existence of farming. Replaced by constant internal Egyptian wars, weakening the country, it's political unity.

The Jorge Blacksmith is associate professor of the Department of History of the Federal University of Inhabitant of the state of Rio de Janeiro. In its workmanship Brazil Republic that was written together with Thin the Luciana historian, searchs to analyze the structure politics of Brazil during the Republic, for this they cite the alliances politics that had been constructed, the economic conflicts and sproutings of popular organizations. In I capitulate eight Blacksmith initiates saying on the historiografia of Goulart Joo and the blow to it of 1964, the sample that, however they search to incriminate it for a blow as being Goulart the only present individual in this act, however tries in irreversible and unavoidable way to blame the collective. From there the author speaks of the historigrafos that try to personalize history. Showing the vision of the right, where enxerga as a corrupt demagogue who was influenced for Communists.

In against departure of the left, the president was a leader bourgeois of mass, thus executing the blow. An explanation that enters in consensus for the two sides of the historians is of that Goulart Joo was assumed the perfio of one populist politician. The blow for many was resultant of the crisis of the exporting agrarian area. Or that the economic crisis demanded an authoritarian regimen for regulation of the conflicts. After to cite the beliefs of the historians in relation to the blow Jorge Blacksmith appeals, as it writes, to the historical methods, for this it tries to reconstruct which the social interests of the participants of this historical process and conflicts. It starts speaking of the parliamentarism, where he was implanting pressas, with intention to hinder the military blow, the great interest is observed in if to keep the democracy, exactly thus Goulart keeps commerce with the socialist countries. Goulart Joo receives as inheritance a country with a great economic crisis, to try finally to this crisis, it travels for U.S.A.

It is important to notice that some industries have obtained to be modernized using some strategies as new methods of organization of the work and the production, whereas in the process of economic reorganization and politics of the industry in the region, they are come close using itself of the otimizao of the local resources, but the paraibana industry comes if diversifying, therefore it is investing in the sectors that they are on for the great urban centers, and is through these sectors that are illustrious representative of this new dynamics, we can cite as paved example, plastics, drinks and leather. Placing that the industry of Footwear is the one that more comes if spreading inside of the proper State, thus the segment of not-durable goods if detaches with 76% of units installed after 1980 of century XX, of which 54% after 1990 of century XX, however the prescription of the paraibanas industries comes, mainly, of the sales of products in other states, followed of sales the markets of the proper region. The Great parts of the paraibanas companies, between 1999 and 2001, present investment in the acquisition of machines and equipment, programs of training of the man power and acquisition of computer science equipment and the reasons that take the entrepreneurs, according to them, to invest in the industry are, namely, the magnifying of the productive capacity, improvement of the product quality and improvement of the efficiency, as it pointed in them historian and sociologist Martha Lcia Ribeiro: ' ' firms as the SAMBRA and the CLAYTON, financed the small producers, however after the harvest, determined the prices, in detriment of the products, discouraging, thus, produo.' ' However, the city of Great Campina in years 60 of century XX, would attend the sprouting of new industries and the proliferation of the number of its industrial establishments, surpassing the politician-administrative capital of the Paraba, Joo Person, whose indices of industrial growth reigned in the decade of 40 of century XX. .

1825 – Ferdinand I led a delegation to the coronation of Russian Emperor Nicholas I. In this and next year he personally engaged in the formation of Metternich. Metternich was taught: the three pillars of the monarchy – the throne, the army, the altar. 1830 – Coronation of Ferdinand I, King of Hungary as a junior, and when it is in response to words Welcome spoke in Hungarian, it provoked a storm of enthusiasm among the Hungarians, after Ferdinand I was the first and the last Habsburg, who during the ceremony, spoke in their native language. Wife of Ferdinand I – Maria Anna Carolina Pia, daughter King of Sardinia and Piedmont's Victor Emmanuel I and the Austrian Archduchess, and Modena Dr, Este, his wife was supposed to provide him with psychological support.

Wedding by proxy took place on Feb. 12, 1831, and the church ceremony in a small circle was made on February 27. Wife of Ferdinand I was a pious woman who spent much time in prayer, completely dissolved in their marriage, shared interests of the emperor and his charity events and willingly served under him the role of the nurse. August 9, 1832 – attempt on the Emperor – a shock, and – seriously ill. After recovery, it is entirely left to the classes in botany. January 1835 – Ferdinand I, his father dies and leaves message "To my son, Ferdinand." The coronation of Ferdinand I was not provided. 2. Policy: As a subsidiary body of Ferdinand I was a secret government meeting, the cat performed advisory functions.

Only the mind indomitable perseverance of this man managed to retract the time a city that was believed just a legend. Overcoming the difficulties, the emergence of diseases and criticism of scholars for their methods (the German was certainly not an archaeologist), Schliemann excavated soil distinguished between several layers for different phases of occupation of Troy, numbered I to VII. His discovery helped to prove unequivocally that the historical reality of the city, as confirmed by the appearance of a collection of objects and gold jewelry which he called "Priam's Treasure", the Trojan king of Homer's tales. In 1885, and moved to the city of Mycenae, he found the so-called Mask of Agamemnon, (dating from the seventeenth century BC) and next to it, a set of golden cups, diadems, jewelry, pins or brooches, a sword enameled brass handle, a dagger (also bronze and beautifully decorated with a hunting scene) and even 13 tombstones. Learn more on the subject from Sen. Sherrod Brown. With the discovery of these graves, which were the first performance of Mycenaean art found, it became known that the Mycenaeans were a commercial town with a very high-class luxury and given a certain influence of cultures such as the Cretan.

Mycenae Schliemann identified with the legendary kingdom of Atreus, descent belonging to legendary heroes like King Atreus and his sons Agamemnon and Menelaus. To prove that was right, deepens his excavations finally discovered the ruins of the former Mycenaean city, a wonderful ensemble that left stunned the archaeological community. Since then, critics silenced, even more so with the discovery of 20 corpses with abundant and rich grave goods, many objects of gold, bronze, ivory and amber.

For the Soviet leadership, it was a sign that the Soviet Union are trying to move from active participation in European affairs. Soon after France signed an agreement with Germany, were equally non-aggression pact. In Moscow, it is was seen as an attempt to direct the aggression of Germany to the East against the Soviet Union. As a result, never became a close perspective, the apparent Soviet leadership is particularly unacceptable: a solution to all conflicts between "Imperialist countries" by ussr. Exacerbation of conflicts with Japan made these suspicions more valid: the summer of 1938 Japanese troops invaded the Soviet Union at Lake Hassan. In the face of German aggression from the west and Japan in the east of the ussr is under threat of war on two fronts.

In the Soviet leadership are beginning to wonder about the need to review foreign policy. Losing hope the possibility of collective resistance to Germany, imbued with a deep distrust of the politics of Britain and France, the Soviet leadership began to seek ways of rapprochement with Germany. The latter, for its part, too, sought a rapprochement with ussr. After the seizure of Bohemia and Moravia, the main object of the claims of Germany became Poland. Hitler tried to play here in Munich scenario, but Britain and France clearly refused to discuss his claims and gave assurances Poland.

Attacked her, Germany risked to be in a state of war with Britain and France. Although Poland and Hitler was not considered as a serious military adversary, the seizure of its deduced Germany on the border with the Soviet Union, whose position is such have a decisive manner. In Berlin, reasoned this way: if the Soviet Union will continue anti-German politics, Germany from the outset will be facing the prospect of war on two fronts, and the situation is even more unfavorable than in 1914 year: with far fewer resources and, therefore, more vulnerable to the blockade. And plans for a diplomatic offensive against the Soviet Union, Hitler discussed simultaneously with the plan of the military campaign against Poland. Her the start was scheduled for August 26. So in mid-August 1939 the ussr was at the center of world politics. His favor actively sought both Germany and its future military adversaries. Before the Soviet Union stood in Full-length issue a final choice between the warring rivals. And it became obvious that this choice depended the fate of the world. August 21, Stalin received a telegram from Hitler, in which he stated that seeks to conclude a nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union and is ready to sign any additional agreement regarding the settlement of all contentious issues. Hitler asked Stalin to German Foreign Minister Igor Ribbentrop, not later than 23 August for the signing of related documents